The analysis of polymorphism data is becoming increasingly important as a complementary
tool to classical genetic analyses. Nevertheless, despite plunging sequencing costs …

With the completion of the human genome sequence, attention turned to identifying and
annotating its functional DNA elements. As a complement to genetic and comparative …

Fruit flies of the genus Drosophila have been an attractive and effective genetic model
organism since Thomas Hunt Morgan and colleagues made seminal discoveries with them …

Cis-regulatory sequences, such as enhancers and promoters, control development and
physiology by regulating gene expression. Mutations that affect the function of these …

Organisms can often adapt surprisingly quickly to evolutionary challenges, such as the
application of pesticides or antibiotics, suggesting an abundant supply of adaptive genetic …

What is the nature of the genetic changes underlying phenotypic evolution? We have
catalogued 1008 alleles described in the literature that cause phenotypic differences among …

There has long been interest in understanding the genetic basis of human adaptation. To
what extent are phenotypic differences among human populations driven by natural …

Biologists have long sought to understand which genes and what kinds of changes in their
sequences are responsible for the evolution of morphological diversity. Here, I outline eight …

The molecular mechanisms underlying major phenotypic changes that have evolved
repeatedly in nature are generally unknown. Pelvic loss in different natural populations of …

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that a single phenotype can be produced by many
different genotypes; however, in natural systems, it is frequently found that phenotypic …