Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine regulating the development,
activation, proliferation, differentiation, and death of T cells. In CD4+ T cells, TGF-β maintains …

Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (Treg)
biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-β1 in Treg differentiation and …

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) derive from fetal liver monocytes, which colonize the lung
during embryonic development and give rise to fully mature AMs perinatally. AM …

Multiple bone marrow stromal cell types have been identified as hematopoietic stem cell
(HSC)-regulating niche cells,,,,,,. However, whether HSC progeny can serve directly as HSC …

The mechanisms by which regulatory T (Treg) cells differentially control allergic and
autoimmune responses remain unclear. We show that Treg cells in food allergy (FA) had …

Exercise improves health and well-being across diverse organ systems, and elucidating
mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise can lead to new therapies. Here …

Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily of secreted factors play
essential roles in nearly every aspect of cartilage formation and maintenance. However, the …

Approximately 25% of cancers are preceded by chronic inflammation that occurs at the site
of tumor development. However, whether this multifactorial oncogenic process, which …

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, functionally distinct from circulating memory T cells,
have a critical role in protective immunity in tissues, are more efficacious when elicited after …

Epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary homeostasis and pathogen defense and play a
crucial role in the initiation of allergic immune responses. Maintaining the balance between …