The international C4 rice consortium aims to introduce into rice a high capacity
photosynthetic mechanism, the C4 pathway, to increase yield. The C4 pathway is …

Stomata are cellular breathing pores on leaves that open and close to absorb photosynthetic
carbon dioxide and to restrict water loss through transpiration, respectively. Grasses …

Climate change is a defining challenge of the 21st century, and this decade is a critical time
for action to mitigate the worst effects on human populations and ecosystems. Plant science …

Most plant roots have multiple cortex layers that make up the bulk of the organ and play key
roles in physiology, such as flood tolerance and symbiosis. However, little is known about …

With a rapidly growing world population and dwindling natural resources, we are now facing
the enormous challenge of increasing crop yields while simultaneously improving the …

The ability of plant somatic cells to dedifferentiate, form somatic embryos and regenerate
whole plants in vitro has been harnessed for both clonal propagation and as a key …

Leaves are asymmetric, with different functions for adaxial and abaxial tissue. The bundle
sheath (BS) of C3 barley (Hordeum vulgare) is dorsoventrally differentiated into three types …

C3 and C4 grasses directly and indirectly provide the vast majority of calories to the human
diet, yet our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving photosynthetic productivity …

C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently from ancestral C3 photosynthesis
in a broad range of flowering land plant families and in both monocots and dicots. The …

The flexible deployment of developmental regulators is an increasingly appreciated aspect
of plant development and evolution. The GRAS transcription factor SCARECROW (SCR) …