Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process
regulated by various pro-and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor …

TGFβ signalling has key roles in cancer progression: most carcinoma cells have inactivated
their epithelial antiproliferative response and benefit from increased TGFβ expression and …

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a dynamic process in which endothelial cells
suppress constituent endothelial properties and take on mesenchymal cell behaviors. To …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension forms the first and most severe of the 5 categories of
pulmonary hypertension. Disease pathogenesis is driven by progressive remodeling of …

The myocardium consists of different cell types, of which endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes,
and fibroblasts are the most abundant. Communication between these different cell types …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signalling commences with the engagement of TGF‐β
ligand to cell surface TGF‐β receptors (TGFBR) stimulating Smad2 carboxyl‐terminal …

This research was done to evaluatethe effects of anti-diabetic drugs (metformin and
metformin plus insulin) onapoptosis factors including: serum tumour necrosis factorsoluble …