Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPAR α) is a nuclear receptor of clinical
interest as a drug target in various metabolic disorders. PPAR α also exhibits marked anti …

Upon its secretion from pancreatic β-cells, insulin reaches the liver through the portal
circulation to exert its action and eventually undergo clearance in the hepatocytes. In …

Over 65% of people with obesity display the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
(MAFLD), which can manifest as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. The …

Insulin action is impaired in type 2 diabetes. The functions of the hormone are an integrated
product of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and insulin clearance by receptor …

Hyperinsulinemia is the hallmark of insulin resistance in obesity, and the relative importance
of insulin clearance, insulin resistance, and insulin hypersecretion has been widely debated …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate energy supply in response to stress by increasing hepatic
gluconeogenesis during fasting. Long-term GC treatment induces hepatic steatosis and …

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a specific neuron-vascular complication of diabetes,
is a major cause of vision loss among middle-aged people worldwide, and the number of …

Significant advances have been made in deciphering the mechanisms underlying fuel-
stimulated insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. The contribution of the triggering/ATP …

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is associated with
diabetic retinopathy (DR), and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Aim of this work …

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a
transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on epithelial, endothelial and immune cells …