When a low-salience stimulus of any type of sensory modality—auditory, visual, tactile—
immediately precedes an unexpected startle-like stimulus, such as the acoustic startle reflex …

Tinnitus is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with hearing loss in most cases. In
the absence of external stimuli, phantom perceptions of sounds emerge from alterations in …

Myelinating oligodendrocytes enable fast propagation of action potentials along the
ensheathed axons. In addition, oligodendrocytes play diverse non-canonical roles including …

Reliably detecting unexpected sounds is important for environmental awareness and
survival. By selectively reducing responses to frequently, but not rarely, occurring sounds …

Loss of synapses between spiral ganglion neurons and inner hair cells (IHC synaptopathy)
leads to an auditory neuropathy called hidden hearing loss (HHL) characterized by normal …

Excitation is balanced by inhibition to cortical neurons across a wide range of conditions. To
understand how this relationship is maintained, we broadly suppressed the activity of …

Layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) contains two principal cell types: pyramidal
cells and stellate cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that these two cell types have …

The auditory modality is fundamentally a temporal sense that requires analysis of changes
in sound signals on timescales ranging from microseconds to minutes. To generate a faithful …

The ability to discriminate tones of different frequencies is fundamentally important for
everyday hearing. While neurons in the primary auditory cortex (AC) respond differentially to …

The progress in the field of tinnitus largely depends on the development of a reliable tinnitus
animal model. Recently, a new method based on the acoustic startle reflex modification was …