Despite significant advancements in CNS research, CNS illnesses are the most important
and serious cause of mental disability worldwide. These facts show a tremendous unmet …

Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the psychostimulants most widely abused in the world.
METH abuse can lead to severe neurotoxicity. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural …

The intricate nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge in
predicting drug permeability, which is crucial for assessing central nervous system (CNS) …

Glioblastoma presents a significant treatment challenge due to the blood–brain barrier
(BBB) hindering drug delivery, and the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) …

The replication of the hominine physiological environment was identified as an effectual
strategy to develop the physiological model in vitro to perform the intuitionistic assessment of …

Neuropharmacology faces challenges due to the intricate nervous system, diverse
neurological disorders, and existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which hinder the …

Neurodevelopmental disorders are mostly studied using mice as models. However, the
mouse brain lacks similar cell types and structures as those of the human brain. In recent …

The purpose of this paper was to discuss the achievements of in vitro modeling in terms of
the blood–brain barrier [BBB] and to create a clear overview of this research area, which is …

Currently, the clinical drugs for Parkinson's disease (PD) only focus on motor symptoms,
while non-motor symptoms like depression are usually neglected. Even though, the efficacy …

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune disorder targeting the central nervous
system (CNS), is marked by relentless demyelination and inflammation. Clinically, it …