The adult skeleton regenerates by temporary cellular structures that comprise teams of
juxtaposed osteoclasts and osteoblasts and replace periodically old bone with new. A …

The mammalian Slc4 (Solute carrier 4) family of transporters is a functionally diverse group
of 10 multi-spanning membrane proteins that includes three Cl-HCO3 exchangers (AE1–3) …

Osteoclasts have traditionally been associated exclusively with catabolic functions that are a
prerequisite for bone resorption. However, emerging data suggest that osteoclasts also carry …

SUMMARY Plasmalemmal Cl–/HCO3–exchangers are encoded by the SLC4 and SLC26
gene superfamilies, and function to regulate intracellular pH,[Cl–] and cell volume. The Cl …

Osteoporosis and arthritis are highly prevalent diseases and a significant cause of morbidity
and mortality worldwide. These diseases result from aberrant tissue remodeling leading to …

Mature enamel consists of densely packed and highly organized large hydroxyapatite
crystals. The molecular machinery responsible for the formation of fully matured enamel is …

Differentiation, activation, and apoptosis of bone cells are often dependent on the status of
other types of bone cells. Bone cells in different lineages achieve intercellular …

Invadosomes are actin-rich finger-like cellular structures sensing and interacting with the
surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and involved in its proteolytic remodeling …

According to the two-stage hypothesis, primary saliva, a NaCl-rich plasma-like isotonic fluid
is secreted by salivary acinar cells and its ionic composition becomes modified in the duct …

Background Osteopetrosis is a skeletal disorder of humans and animals characterized by
the formation of overly dense bones, resulting from a deficiency in the number and/or …