Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the leading cause of nephrology consultation and is associated
with high mortality rates. The primary causes of AKI include ischemia, hypoxia or …

Acute renal failure (ARF), classically defined as an abrupt decrease in kidney function that
leads to accumulation of nitrogenous wastes such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, is …

The human brain is the organ with the highest metabolic activity but it lacks a traditional
lymphatic system responsible for clearing waste products. We have demonstrated that the …

As covered in the preceding sections, acute renal failure (ARF) is a syndrome associated
with high mortality in humans. Current therapy is limited to supportive measures and …

Microvascular endothelial injury and dysfunction during ischemic acute renal failure. The
pathophysiology of ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) appears to involve a complex …

Recent evidence suggests that injury to the renal vasculature may play an important role in
the pathogenesis of both early and chronic ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). Established …

Cardiac arrest is an important public health issue, with a survival rate of approximately 15 to
22%. A great proportion of these deaths occur after resuscitation due to post-cardiac arrest …

Inflammatory cells in ischemic acute renal failure. Ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) is
increasingly recognized as involving a complex cascade of mechanisms with both acute and …

In humans and experimental models of renal ischemia, tubular cells in various nephron
segments undergo necrotic and/or apoptotic cell death. Various factors, including nucleotide …

The role of renal microvascular endothelial cell injury in the pathophysiology of ischemic
acute renal failure (ARF) remains largely unknown. No consistent morphological alterations …