Cytokines, produced at the site of entry of a pathogen, drive inflammatory signals that
regulate the capacity of resident and newly arrived phagocytes to destroy the invading …

Despite the impressive increase in the cloning and expression of genes encoding fish
immunoregulatory molecules, the knowledge on “in vivo” and “in vitro” functional …

Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily of cell signalling
polypeptides have attracted much attention because of their ability, from nematodes to …

Interleukin (IL)‐10 was cloned from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using IL‐10
primers from carp head kidney following stimulation with concanavalin A and …

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine on the growth
performance, cytokines, target of rapamycin (TOR), and antioxidant-related parameters in …

TGF-β is a multifunctional factor involved in regulating a variety of cellular activities. In
mammals, TGF-β is known to regulate reproduction, including ovarian functions. The role of …

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent regulatory cytokine with pleiotropic
effects on the immune system. To examine the role of TGF-β1 in fish immunity, the full-length …

The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) TGF-β1 sequence was one of the first fish
cytokines described. Studies of its expression suggest it is constitutively expressed but …

A transforming growth factor (TGF)-β was isolated and cloned from hybrid striped bass
(Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) anterior kidney mononuclear cells. This isolate (Genbank …

Background The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family constitutes of dimeric proteins
that regulate the growth, differentiation and metabolism of many cell types, including that of …