Biofuels are sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels because of their renewable and low-cost
raw materials, environmentally friendly conversion technologies and low emissions upon …

In this article, the impact of conventional carbon sources, alongside potential carbon bio‐
sources, on slag‐foaming behavior is investigated. It highlights the complex relationship …

The correlation analysis of fuel property indicators is essential to explore the variation and
principle of the torrefied biochar evaluation. This study adopts numerous indicators …

Torrefaction of biomass improves the fuel quality via mild thermal decomposition of the
lignocellulosic structure. Establishing common relationships for key characteristics of various …

Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment of biomass at mild temperatures to upgrade the fuel
properties. The torrefied biomass consists of residual chemical structures after partial …

Biomass utilization as an alternative to fossil fuels is increasingly prioritized due to its
potential to mitigate environmental pollution and enhance energy security. Torrefaction, a …

The increasing production of municipal solid waste (MSW) and its improper disposal affect
environmental issues. As a way of dealing with landfill overload and still encompassing the …