Trichoderma species are opportunistic fungi residing primarily in soil, tree bark and on wild
mushrooms. Trichoderma is capable of killing other fungi and penetrating plant roots, and is …

Trichoderma spp. are widely used in agriculture as biofungicides. Induction of plant defense
and mycoparasitism (killing of one fungus by another) are considered to be the most …

Cerato‐platanin proteins (CP s), which are secreted by filamentous fungi, are phytotoxic to
host plants, but their functions have not been well defined to date. Here we characterized a …

Metagenomics is unearthing the previously hidden world of soil viruses. Many soil viral
sequences in metagenomes contain putative auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) that are not …

Plants contain a sophisticated innate immune network to prevent pathogenic microbes from
gaining access to nutrients and from colonizing internal structures. The first layer of inducible …

Rust fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause considerable damage on crop
plants. Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat stem rust, and Melampsora …

Theobroma cacao, the source of chocolate, is affected by destructive diseases wherever it is
grown. Some diseases are endemic; however, as cacao was disseminated from the Amazon …

Abstract The KnotProt 2.0 database (the updated version of the KnotProt database) collects
information about proteins which form knots and other entangled structures. New features in …

Twenty years after their discovery, knots in proteins are now quite well understood. They are
believed to be functionally advantageous and provide extra stability to protein chains. In this …

Fungi are major players in the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems due to the wide range of
interactions they have with plants either through soil degradation processes by litter …