In the context of trade protectionism impacting economic and environmental sustainability, a
more comprehensive understanding of the impact of trade on carbon emissions is critical to …

This study examines the nexus between financial expenditures within the Chinese oil
business, the volatility of oil prices, and the energy-generating sector. This research …

In the current wave of digitization, digital government (DG) has emerged as a pivotal force in
modernizing global governance and achieving the" double carbon" goal. This study, utilizing …

Structural transformation is a crucial prerequisite for inclusive and sustainable development.
In this context, this study examines the influence of natural resource dependence on the …

Financial deepening is important in resource allocation for more productive enterprises,
leading to sustainable green growth. Moreover, rapid development in the digital economy …

There is inadequate knowledge about the relationship between financial openness and
economic transformation, particularly in the African context. This lack of knowledge fuels the …

Purpose This study aims to examine whether diversified economies enhance the growth
benefits from foreign direct investment (FDI). Diversified economies benefit from stable …

While China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is growing rapidly, few studies have
considered the impact of this growth on product quality. This study uses microdata at the …

The growing interest in tourism has motivated scholars to explore the macroeconomic effects
of its development. However, there remains an unexplored gap in the literature, which is the …

Purpose This study examines the interconnected effects of formal, informal, environmental
and skill-based institutional barriers on firm performance. The Economic Community of West …