For half a century, the human brain was believed to contain about 100 billion neurons and
one trillion glial cells, with a glia: neuron ratio of 10: 1. A new counting method, the isotropic …

It is a widespread notion that the proportion of glial to neuronal cells in the brain increases
with brain size, to the point that glial cells represent “about 90% of all cells in the human …

Comparative studies of the brain in mammals suggest that there are general architectural
principles governing its growth and evolutionary development. We are beginning to …

Larger brains tend to have more folded cortices, but what makes the cortex fold has
remained unknown. We show that the degree of cortical folding scales uniformly across …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed the unprecedented capability to measure
the human brain in vivo. This technique has paved the way for longitudinal studies exploring …

The past 40 years have witnessed extensive research on fractal structure and scale-free
dynamics in the brain. Although considerable progress has been made, a comprehensive …

Cognition presumably emerges from neural activity in the network of association
connections between cortical regions that is modulated by inputs from sensory and state …

Neuroglia, the “glue” that fills the space between neurons in the central nervous system,
takes active part in nerve cell signaling. Neuroglial cells, astroglia, oligodendroglia, and …

What explains the superior cognitive abilities of the human brain compared to other, larger
brains? Here we investigate the possibility that the human brain has a larger number of …

Why the cerebral cortex folds in some mammals but not in others has long fascinated and
mystified neurobiologists. Over the past century—especially the past decade—researchers …