The locus coeruleus (LC), a small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of the
neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in the brain. The LC receives input from widespread …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile molecule that plays key roles in the development and survival
of mammalian species by endowing brain neuronal networks with the ability to make …

Pupil size covaries with the diffusion rate of the cholinergic and noradrenergic neurons
throughout the brain, which are essential to arousal. Recent findings suggest that slow pupil …

Locus coeruleus (LC) is a small nucleus located deep in the brainstem that contains the
majority of central noradrenergic neurons, which provide the primary source of …

Mechanisms for fish social behaviours involve a social brain network (SBN) which is
evolutionarily conserved among vertebrates. However, considerable diversity is observed in …

What are the physical paths towards consciousness? How do humans transition out of deep
anesthesia, deep sleep, or traumatic brain injury? This book presents a new argument that …

Cell death by glutamate excitotoxicity, mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors,
negatively impacts brain function, including but not limited to hippocampal neurons. The NF …

Marked heterogeneity in suicide attempters has been observed, with earlier onset being
linked to stronger heritability, more childhood maltreatment. Nitric oxide signalling system …

The locus coeruleus (LC), as the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain, is
central to modulating cognitive and behavioral processes. This review synthesizes recent …

Neurons in nucleus gigantocellularis (NGC) have been shown by many lines of evidence to
be important for regulating generalized CNS arousal. Our previous study on mouse pups …