Importance The overdose epidemic continues in the US, with 107 941 overdose deaths in
2022 and countless lives affected by the addiction crisis. Although widespread efforts to train …

Background This study aimed to synthetize the evidence on the effectiveness of harm
minimization interventions on reducing blood-borne infection transmission and injecting …

Objectives. To describe the current financial health of syringe services programs (SSPs) in
the United States and to assess the predictors of SSP budget levels and associations with …

Abstract Background and Aims Although the Netherlands, Canada and Australia were early
adopters of harm reduction for people who inject drugs (PWID), their respective HIV and …

Background Harm reduction services such as safer injection supply distribution are essential
to reducing morbidity and mortality among people who use drugs (PWUD); however, local …

Background Medicare coverage excludes some levels of substance use disorder (SUD)
care, such as intensive outpatient and residential treatment. Expanding access to SUD …

Background Opioids have been used as pain relievers for thousands of years. However,
they may also cause undesirable side effects. We therefore performed this study to compare …

Introduction Millions of persons with chronic pain across North America and Europe use
opioids. While the immunosuppressive properties of opioids are associated with risks of …

Introduction Many rural communities bear a disproportionate share of drug-related harms.
Innovative harm reduction service models, such as vending machines or kiosks, can expand …

Introduction Many rural communities bear a disproportionate share of drug-related harms.
Innovative harm reduction service models, such as vending machines or kiosks, can expand …