Enteric viruses, particularly rotaviruses and noroviruses, are a leading cause of
gastroenteritis worldwide. Rotaviruses primarily affect young children, accounting for almost …

Virus threatens life health seriously. The accurate early diagnosis of the virus is vital for
clinical control and treatment of virus infection. Aptamers are small single-stranded …

Nanoparticles provide new opportunities in merging therapeutics and new materials, with
current research efforts just beginning to scratch the surface of their diverse benefits and …

Norovirus, an RNA virus of the family Caliciviridae, is a human enteric pathogen that causes
substantial morbidity across both health care and community settings. Several factors …

There is increasing interest in the role of cleaning for managing hospital-acquired infections
(HAI). Pathogens such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant …

Norovirus infections are a major cause of gastroenteritis, and outbreaks occur frequently.
Several factors are currently increasing the challenge posed by norovirus infections to …

Objective: The concept of aerosol transmission is developed to resolve limitations in
conventional definitions of airborne and droplet transmission. Methods: The method was …

Human norovirus (NoV) remains the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis and the
leading cause of viral foodborne outbreaks globally. NoV is highly pathogenic with an …

Studies in the 1970s and 1980s suggested that environmental surface contamination played
a negligible role in the endemic transmission of healthcare-associated infections. However …

Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including
irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the …