Within animal populations there is variation among individuals in their tendency to be social,
where more sociable individuals associate more with other individuals. Consistent inter …

Human activities are exacerbating environmental change globally. Turbidity in freshwater
systems is increasing due to extreme weather events and intensification of activities such as …

A long-standing assumption in social behavior is that leadership incurs costs as well as
benefits, and this tradeoff can result in diversified social roles in groups. The major cost of …

Detailed quantifications of how predators and their grouping prey interact in three
dimensions (3D) remain rare. Here we record the structure and dynamics of fish shoals …

Predation is one of the main evolutionary drivers of social grouping. While it is well
appreciated that predation risk is likely not shared equally among individuals within groups …

The comprehension of how local interactions arise in global collective behavior is of utmost
importance in both biological and physical research. Traditional agent-based models often …

Despite extensive interest in the dynamic interactions between individuals that drive
collective motion in animal groups, the dynamics of collective motion over longer time …

For complex functions to emerge in artificial systems, it is important to understand the
intrinsic mechanisms of biological swarm behaviors in nature. In this paper, we present a …

To increase their chances of survival, prey often behave unpredictably when escaping from
predators. However, the response of predators to, and hence the effectiveness of, such …

Anthropogenic activity can increase water turbidity, changing fish behaviour by reducing
visibility. The spread of invasive species is also facilitated by human activity, further …