Porous flow fields distribute fuel and oxygen for the electrochemical reactions of proton
exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells through their pore network instead of conventional …

The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is an ideal automotive power source with
great potential, owing to its high efficiency and zero emissions. However, the durability and …

Durability is one of the most significant technical barriers to successful commercialization of
polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells for practical vehicular applications. It is …

Hydrogen energy, whether in generation plants or utilization facilities, plays a decisive role
in the mission to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, all to minimize pollution. The …

This study provides an analysis of the technological barriers for all-electric vehicles, either
based on batteries (BEVs) or on H 2-powered proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells …

Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells are a promising energy-conversion technology. Over the last
several decades significant progress has been made in increasing their performance and …

In this review,“cold start” is defined as the startup of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel
cells from subfreezing temperatures. Problems occurring during the cold start pose some of …

For successful commercialization of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the durability
requirement must be satisfied. The degradation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell …

Catalyst layer degradation has become an important issue in the development of proton
exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This paper reviews the most recent research on …

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been considered as a promising
power source for electric vehicles. However, the widespread use of PEMFCs requires a …