The paralyzed musculoskeletal system retains a remarkable degree of plasticity after spinal
cord injury (SCI). In response to reduced activity, muscle atrophies and shifts toward a fast …

There is growing interest in the interaction between skeletal muscle and bone, particularly at
the genetic and molecular levels. However, the genetic and molecular linkages between …

We measured cortical and trabecular bone loss using QCT of the spine and hip in 14
crewmembers making 4‐to 6‐month flights on the International Space Station. There was no …

Abstract The International Dual‐Photon X‐Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Standardization
Committee (IDSC) conducted a cross‐calibration study among three models of DXA …

Bone loss is a well documented phenomenon occurring in humans both in short‐and in long‐
term spaceflights. This phenomenon can be also reproduced on the ground in human and …

Objective Several different animal models are used to study disuse-induced bone loss. This
systematic review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the animal models of disuse …

Clinical electrical muscle stimulation has been shown to alleviate muscle atrophy resulting
from functional disuse, yet little is known about its effect on the skeleton. The objective of this …

Exposure to microgravity during space flight affects almost all human physiological systems.
The affected systems that are of key importance to human space exploration are the …

Drynariae Rhizoma is a kidney-tonifying herb that has a long history in clinical practice for
the treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in China. Flavonoids are considered to be …

As we approach the end of the first 50 years of human space travel, much has been learned
about adaptation to microgravity and the risks associated with extended‐duration space …