Oil palm biomass, such as empty fruit bunches and palm kernel meal, has low digestibility.
Thus, a suitable bioreactor is urgently needed to efficiently convert oil palm biomass into …

Aerobic composting and vermicomposting processes were compared in the co-composting
of durian shells and citrus peels. For decomposers, the microorganism catalyst from the …

Malaysia can convert agricultural wastes (biomass) into biofuel to reduce fossil fuel
dependency and solve the disposal problem. As one of the largest palm oil producers …

Indonesia is the biggest palm oil producer in the world, where production reached 44.5
million t in 2021 (Indexmundi, 2020). Such rapid production growth is generally followed by …

Bulky agricultural waste, especially from the oil producing plants, has been a major issue in
the most plantation area. Technically, composting and anaerobic digestion are the current …

Malaysia generates substantial agricultural residues annually, endowing the country with
significant biomass energy potential. Palm oil biomass stands out as a promising feedstock …

Oil palm is the most influential resource from Malaysia that has considerably transformed the
trend of its economy, sustainable development, and agriculture [1],[2]. Malaysia is the …