Ammonia is one of the most produced chemicals, mainly synthesized from fossil fuels for
fertilizer applications. Furthermore, ammonia may be one of the energy carriers of the future …

In this review we describe a transient type of gas discharge which is commonly called a
streamer discharge, as well as a few related phenomena in pulsed discharges. Streamers …

Despite being one of the most familiar and widely recognized natural phenomena, lightning
remains relatively poorly understood. Even the most basic questions of how lightning is …

We present and compare six simulation codes for positive streamer discharges from six
different research groups. Four groups use a fully self-implemented code and two make use …

We present an open-source plasma fluid code for 2D, cylindrical and 3D simulations of
streamer discharges. The code is based on the Afivo framework, which features adaptive …

Positive streamers are thought to propagate by photo-ionization; the parameters of photo-
ionization depend on the nitrogen: oxygen ratio. Therefore we study streamers in nitrogen …

Streamer discharges in liquids have received lots of attention with respect to their
considerable applications in various disciplines. Much effort has been spent to understand …

Photo-ionization is the accepted mechanism for the propagation of positive streamers in air
though the parameters are not very well known; the efficiency of this mechanism largely …

This paper presents a literature survey on the recent developments related to experimental
and modeling studies of transient luminous events (TLEs) in the middle atmosphere termed …

While narrow bipolar events (NBEs) could be related with lightning initiation, their intrinsic
physics remains in question. Here we report on optical measurements by the Atmosphere …