The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical
structures available on a photonic chip. The integration of subwavelength-structured …

Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial
fields, owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged …

The emergence of parallel convolution-operation technology has substantially powered the
complexity and functionality of optical neural networks (ONN) by harnessing the dimension …

Abstract Machine learning technologies have been extensively applied in high-performance
information-processing fields. However, the computation rate of existing hardware is …

Metasurfaces, with extremely exotic capabilities to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves,
have derived a plethora of advanced metadevices with intriguing functionalities …

Electronic digital convolutions could extract key features of objects for data processing and
information identification in artificial intelligence, but they are time-cost and energy …

The exploit of on‐chip metasurfaces with full optical controllability and multiplexing
capability holds great promise for photonic integration circuits (PIC). Despite previous …

Artificial intelligence has prevailed in all trades and professions due to the assistance of big
data resources, advanced algorithms, and high-performance electronic hardware. However …

Silicon photonics is playing a key role in areas as diverse as high-speed optical
communications, neural networks, supercomputing, quantum photonics, and sensing, which …

Photonic neural networks perform brain-inspired computations using photons instead of
electrons to achieve substantially improved computing performance. However, existing …