Executive summary The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the need for well-functioning
primary health care (PHC) into sharp focus. PHC is the best platform for providing basic …

The US health-care sector is large and growing—health-care spending in 2011 amounted to
$2.7 trillion and 18 percent of GDP. Approximately half of health-care output is allocated via …

We estimate a bargaining model of competition between hospitals and managed care
organizations (MCOs) and use the estimates to evaluate the effects of hospital mergers. We …

Concerns about income inequality emphasize the importance of accurate income measures.
Estimates of top income shares based only on individual tax returns are biased by tax-base …

Abstract In the United States, health care technology has contributed to rising survival rates,
yet health care spending relative to GDP has also grown more rapidly than in any other …

> Physician-hospital consolidation has not led to either improved quality or reduced costs.
Studies find that consolidation was primarily for the purpose of enhanced bargaining power …

The cost of drugs is a major and rapidly rising component of health-care expenditures. We
survey recent literature on the ethics and economics of skyrocketing pharmaceutical prices …

This chapter examines changes in the distribution of the global population by income from
2001 to 2011 with a focus on the middle-income population, or the global middle class. The …

This study provides plausibly causal estimates of the effect of public insurance coverage on
the employment of non-elderly, nondisabled adults without dependent children (“childless …

The implementation of China's Social Insurance Law initiated changes in the management
and collection of social insurance premiums. The effect of this collection related to labor cost …