Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a challenge frequently encountered in the
management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Downregulation of the …

Small decreases in serum Ca2+ and more prolonged increases in serum phosphate (Pi)
stimulate the parathyroid (PT) to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 …

Atherosclerosis is a complex process characterized by an increase in the wall thickness
owing to the accumulation of cells and extracellular matrix between the endothelium and the …

Hypocalcemia based on serum tCa is a relatively common laboratory abnormality and was
observed in 13.5% of serum biochemical profiles of dogs in one clinical study. 111 Based on …

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is caused by mutations in the PHEX gene which result in
Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FG-F23) excess and phosphate wasting. Clinically, XLH …

Edited and written by top experts and pioneers in dialysis, Handbook of Dialysis Therapy,
6th Edition, provides the entire dialysis team with a comprehensive overview of this growing …

ABSTRACT X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by increased activity of
circulating FGF23 resulting in renal phosphate wasting and abnormal bone mineralization …

Secondary hyperparathyroidism, characterized by increased PTH synthesis and secretion, is
often seen in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. Excessive proliferation of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD)
which starts early in the course of the disease and worsens with its progression. The main …

Parathyroid diseases are characterized by dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and
alterations in parathyroid hormone (PTH) excretion. The development of parathyroid …