Abstract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the
transcriptional induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) as the main prevalent infectious agent, play important roles in
inducing severe liver diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that during prolonged forms …

The current literature describes pivotal mechanisms in which hepatitis B virus (HBV) induces
liver diseases including inflammation, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It …

Abstract Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in recognition and induction of
appropriate immune responses against viral infections, including hepatitis B. TLR7 detects …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection mainly causes liver disease, including inflammation,
cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been documented that prolonged …

Hepatitis B is a “silent epidemic”, fifty to a hundred (50-100) times more infectious than HIV,
a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV can …

Innate immunity consists of several kinds of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), which
participate in the recognition of pathogens and consequently activation of innate immune …

In humans, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most prevalent and the main infectious agent that
leads to liver disease. Previous investigations identified that long-term HBV-infected patients …

Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a frequent finding in human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients. While several related mutations in the …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most prevalent infectious agent that can induce severe liver
disease. Patients infected with long-term HBV, including chronic, asymptomatic and occult …