Autoimmune reactions reflect an imbalance between effector and regulatory immune
responses, typically develop through stages of initiation and propagation, and often show …

T cell recognition of antigen-presenting cells depends on their expression of a spectrum of
peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and class II (MHC-II) …

The success of tumor immunotherapy targeting the inhibitory co-receptors PD-1 and CTLA-4
has indicated that many other co-receptors might be potential druggable targets, despite …

We examine the features, origin, turnover, and gene expression of pancreatic macrophages
under steady state. The data distinguish macrophages within distinct intrapancreatic …

Recent genetic mapping and gene-phenotype studies have revealed the genetic
architecture of type 1 diabetes. At least ten genes so far can be singled out as strong causal …

MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules are critical in the control of many immune responses. They
are also involved in most autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. Here, we describe …

Cross-priming is an important mechanism to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for
immune defence against viruses and tumours. Although it was discovered more than 25 …

Thymically derived Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (tTregs) constitute a unique T cell lineage that
is essential for maintaining immune tolerance to self and immune homeostasis. However …

Type 1 diabetes results from chronic autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells
within pancreatic islets. Although insulin is a critical self-antigen in animal models of …

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains an important health problem, particularly in western
countries, where the incidence has been increasing in younger children. In 1986, Eisenbarth …