Backtracking search optimisation algorithm (BSA) is a commonly used meta-heuristic
optimisation algorithm and was proposed by Civicioglu in 2013. When it was first used, it …

Linear antenna array (LAA) design is a classical electromagnetic problem. It has been
extensively dealt by number of researchers in the past, and different optimization algorithms …

The aim of this paper is to introduce the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to the
electromagnetics and antenna community. GWO is a new nature‐inspired metaheuristic …

Pattern synthesis is a significant research focus in smart antennas due to its extensive use in
several radar and communication systems. To improve the optimization performance of …

Purpose The purpose of this article is to analyze the optimization process in depth,
elaborating on the components of the entire process and the techniques used. Researchers …

The backtracking search algorithm (BSA) as a novel intelligent optimizer belongs to
population-based evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, a multi-objective learning …

Antenna arrays play an increasingly important role in modern wireless communication
systems. However, how to effectively suppress and optimize the side lobe level (SLL) of …

Grey wolf optimization (GWO) is a recently developed nature-inspired global optimization
method which mimics the social behaviour and hunting mechanism of grey wolves. Though …

In this paper, a novel algorithm, namely bat flower pollination (BFP) is proposed for
synthesis of unequally spaced linear antenna array (LAA). The new method is a combination …

In order to design a highly effective communication system, antenna plays a vital role and
antenna array adds to the performances. And to achieve such a goal, the crucial challenge …