The defining trait of obligate anaerobes is that oxygen blocks their growth, yet the underlying
mechanisms are unclear. A popular hypothesis was that these microorganisms failed to …

Microbial nitrite oxidation is the primary pathway that generates nitrate in wastewater
treatment systems and can be performed by a variety of microbes: namely, nitrite-oxidizing …

Bacteria power their energy metabolism using membrane-bound respiratory enzymes that
capture chemical energy and transduce it by pumping protons or Na+ ions across their cell …

Deltaproteobacteria, now proposed to be the phyla Desulfobacterota, Myxococcota, and
SAR324, are ubiquitous in marine environments and play essential roles in global carbon …

The communities of bacteria that reside in the intestinal tract are in constant competition
within this dynamic and densely colonized environment. At homeostasis, the equilibrium that …

The origin of oxygenic photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria led to the rise of oxygen on Earth~
2.3 billion years ago, profoundly altering the course of evolution by facilitating the …

BACKGROUND Archaea have been recognized as a major domain of life besides Bacteria
and Eukarya for about 40 years. Much of the pioneering research on archaeal organisms …

The description of comammox Nitrospira spp., performing complete ammonia-to-nitrate
oxidation, and their co-occurrence with canonical β-proteobacterial ammonia oxidizing …

In the final steps of energy conservation in aerobic organisms, free energy from electron
transfer through the respiratory chain is transduced into a proton electrochemical gradient …

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria primarily grow by the oxidation of
ammonium coupled to nitrite reduction, using CO2 as the sole carbon source. Although they …