The DDR consists of multiple pathways that sense, signal, and respond to anomalous DNA.
To promote efficient replication, viruses have evolved to engage and even modulate the …

The biology of the viral life cycle essentially includes two structural and functional entities—
the viral genome and protein machinery constituting the viral arsenal and an array of host …

Rotavirus (RV) viroplasms are cytosolic inclusions where both virus genome replication and
primary steps of virus progeny assembly take place. A stabilized microtubule cytoskeleton …

The codon usage pattern is a specific characteristic of each species; however, the codon
usage of all of the genes in a genome is not uniform. Intriguingly, most viruses have codon …

One step of the life cycle common to all rotaviruses (RV) studied so far is the formation of
viroplasms, membrane-less cytosolic inclusions providing a microenvironment for early …

Background Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the major viral pathogens leading to
reproductive disorders in swine. However, little is known about the effects of PRV infection …

During the late stages of rotavirus morphogenesis, the surface proteins VP4 and VP7 are
assembled onto the previously structured double-layered virus particles to yield a triple …

Manipulating cell cycle is one of the common strategies used by viruses to generate
favorable cellular environment to facilitate viral replication. Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is one of …

Viruses are intracellular pathogens and are dependent on host cellular resources to carry
out their cycles of perpetuation. Obtaining an integrative view of host–virus interaction is of …

Bacillus subtilis is known as an endospore-and biofilm-forming bacterium with probiotic
properties. We have recently developed a method for displaying heterologous proteins on …