In bacteria, a fundamental level of gene regulation occurs by competitive association of
promoter-specificity factors called σs with RNA polymerase (RNAP). This σ cycle paradigm …

The complexity of the qut site reflects the engagement process; qut consists of the promoter–
35 and–10 elements, a QBE (Q-binding element) between and partially overlapping these …

During transcription initiation in vitro, prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerase (RNAP)
can engage in abortive initiation—the synthesis and release of short (2 to 15 nucleotides) …

Gre proteins of prokaryotes, and SII proteins of eukaryotes and archaea, are transcription
elongation factors that promote an endogenous transcript cleavage activity of RNA …

After initiating synthesis of RNA at a promoter, RNA polymerase (RNAP) normally continues
to elongate the transcript until it reaches a termination site. Important elements of termination …

The ς subunit of eubacterial RNA polymerase is required throughout initiation, but how it
communicates with core polymerase (α2ββ′) is poorly understood. The present work …

Transcription, in which RNA polymerases (RNAPs) produce RNA from DNA, is the first step
of gene expression. As such, it is highly regulated either by trans-elements like protein …

A ternary complex composed of RNA polymerase (RNAP), DNA template, and RNA
transcript is the central intermediate in the transcription cycle responsible for the elongation …

Transcription termination is a dynamic process and is subject to control at a number of
levels. New information about the molecular mechanisms of transcription elongation and …

Diarrhea in children is often caused by enteropathogen infections that might benefit from
early empirical antibiotic therapy. However, when the definition of the pathogen requires …