Abstract Thinking is accompanied by metacognitive experiences of ease or difficulty. People
draw on these experiences as a source of information that can complement or challenge the …

As reflected in the amount of controversy, few areas in psychology have undergone such
dramatic conceptual changes in the past decade as the emerging science of heuristics …

We introduce the Berlin Numeracy Test, a new psychometrically sound instrument that
quickly assesses statistical numeracy and risk literacy. We present 21 studies (n= 5336) …

" More information is always better, and full information is best. More computation is always
better, and optimization is best." More-is-better ideals such as these have long shaped our …

Many decisions in the lives of animals and humans require a fine balance between the
exploration of different options and the exploitation of their rewards. Do you buy the …

With the exception of a few model species, individual differences in cognition remain
relatively unstudied in non-human animals. One intriguing possibility is that variation in …

This chapter presents a number of convergent arguments and empirical evidence for a
unified theoretical approach that explains both intuitive and deliberate judgments as rule …

Heuristics are efficient cognitive processes that ignore information. In contrast to the widely
held view that less processing reduces accuracy, the study of heuristics shows that less …

Nearly a century ago, Frank Knight famously distinguished between risk and uncertainty with
respect to the nature of decisions made in a business enterprise. He associated generating …

Western history of thought abounds with claims that knowledge is valued and sought. Yet
people often choose not to know. We call the conscious choice not to seek or use …