Tumor microenvironment is formed by various cellular and non-cellular components which
interact with one another and form a complex network of interactions. Some of these cellular …

T cell exhaustion refers to a progressive state in which T cells become functionally impaired
due to sustained antigenic stimulation, which is characterized by increased expression of …

Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have rapidly
received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a new type of therapy for patients …

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype
lacking effective targeted therapies, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. While …

The single-cell proteomics enables the direct quantification of protein abundance at the
single-cell resolution, providing valuable insights into cellular phenotypes beyond what can …

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the major risk factors of heart failure and other
cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying pathological cardiac …

Digestive tract tumors are heterogeneous and involve the dysregulation of multiple signaling
pathways. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) …

Introduction Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) pathobiology is characterized by its significant
induction of immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, predominantly …

Over the past two decades, metronomic chemotherapy has gained considerable attention
and has demonstrated remarkable success in the treatment of cancer. Through chronic …

Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, has
the high heterogeneity of a highly complex tumor microenvironment. Existing clinical …