Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the
world, acting by means of antagonism to adenosine receptors, mainly A1 and A2A. Coffee is …

The last decade of research into the pharmacogenetics of antipsychotics has seen the
development of genetic tests to determine the patients' metabolic status and the first attempts …

Caffeine is by far the most ubiquitous psychostimulant worldwide found in tea, coffee, cocoa,
energy drinks, and many other beverages and food. Caffeine is almost exclusively …

Background and objective Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 activity is induced by cigarette
smoking. Thus smoking cessation in patients while they are undergoing therapy with a …

National attention continues to focus on the need to improve care for individuals with co-
occurring mental illnesses and substance use disorders, as emphasized in the 2003 …

Response to antipsychotics is highly variable, which may be due in part to differences in
drug exposure. The goal of this study was to evaluate the magnitude and variability of …

Background: Cigarette smoking and lifestyle factors underlying overweight/obesity (such as
unhealthy diet and physical inactivity) appear to play a major role in the excess medical …

Purpose of review: To provide an overview of the underlying neurobiology of tobacco
smoking in schizophrenia, and implications for treatment of this comorbidity. Recent findings …

The present study investigated clozapine dosage, plasma clozapine and metabolite levels,
clinical and side-effect profiles in Asian versus Caucasian patients with chronic …

Abstract Background and Objective Prior olanzapine population pharmacokinetic (PPK)
models have focused on the effects of sex and smoking on olanzapine clearance. This PPK …