The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular
metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and …

Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been
considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal …

Strategies for selectively imaging and delivering drugs to tumours typically leverage
differentially upregulated surface molecules on cancer cells. Here, we show that …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), now appreciated for their cellular signaling capabilities,
have a dual role in cancer. On the one hand, ROS can promote protumorigenic signaling …

Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by
altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of …

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in
numerous cancer types, including more than 40% of breast cancers. In contrast to tight …

Inflammation is a fundamental innate immune response to perturbed tissue homeostasis.
Chronic inflammatory processes affect all stages of tumour development as well as therapy …

Stemness combines the ability of a cell to perpetuate its lineage, to give rise to differentiated
cells, and to interact with its environment to maintain a balance between quiescence …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that possess unique self-
renewal activity and mediate tumor initiation and propagation. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling …

Drug resistance remains the major obstacle limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy for
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)[1]. However, how stromal cells cooperate …