The literature on spatial associations during number processing is dominated by the SNARC
(spatial–numerical association of response codes) effect. We describe spatial biases found …

In this article, we review approaches to modeling a connection between spatial and
mathematical thinking across development. We critically evaluate the strengths and …

Prior research has revealed robust and consistent relations between spatial and
mathematical skills. Yet, establishing a causal relation has been met with mixed effects. To …

A rising epistemological paradigm in the cognitive sciences—embodied cognition—has
been stimulating innovative approaches, among educational researchers, to the design and …

A proposal for a fully post-phrenological neuroscience that details the evolutionary roots of
functional diversity in brain regions and networks. The computer analogy of the mind has …

The relations among various spatial and mathematics skills were assessed in a cross-
sectional study of 854 children from kindergarten, third, and sixth grades (ie, 5 to 13 years of …

The current study investigated the effectiveness of three distinct educational technologies—
two game-based applications (From Here to There and DragonBox 12+) and two modes of …

I explore a belief about learning and teaching that is commonly held in education and
society at large that nonetheless is deeply flawed. The belief asserts that mastery of …

Spatial thinking is an important predictor of mathematics. However, existing data do not
determine whether all spatial sub‐domains are equally important for mathematics outcomes …

A pretest-training-posttest design assessed whether training to improve spatial skills also
improved mathematics performance in elementary-aged children. First grade students …