This entry provides an overview about the historical development of theoretical reflections
on documents and formulation of document theories. Starting out with its Latin predecessor …

Web information retrieval tools typically make use of only the text on pages, ignoring
valuable information implicitly contained in links. At the other extreme, viewing the Web as a …

Clustering is an important technique for discovering relatively dense sub-regions or sub-
spaces of a multi-dimension data distribution. Clus tering has been used in information …

In 1991, a group of researchers chose the term digital libraries to describe an emerging field
of research, development, and practice. Since then, Virginia Tech has had funded research …

Document preparation systems that are oriented to an author's preparation of printed
material must permit the flexible specification, modification, and reuse of the contents of the …

Experimental tests of Newton law put stringent constraints on potential deviations from
standard theory with ranges from the millimeter to the size of planetary orbits. Windows …

Neural network models enjoy success on language tasks related to Web documents,
including news and Wikipedia articles. However, the characteristics of scientific publications …

Structured texts (for example dictionaries and user manuals) typically have a heirarchical
(tree-like) structure. We describe a query language for retrieving information from collections …

In this presentation, we report a two fold approach to the issues and opportunities modern
electronic media pose for scientific information. The first part of this paper addresses a …

Descriptive markup languages provide a mechanism for specifying the structure of a
document. The basic premise of the work described here is that structure is an important …