Over the last 100–120 years, due to the ever-increasing importance of fluorine-containing
compounds in modern technology and daily life, the explosive development of the …

A trace element, known as a minor element, is a chemical element whose concentration is
very low. They are divided into essential and non-essential classes. Numerous physiological …

Groundwater is an important source for drinking water supply in hard rock terrain of
Bundelkhand massif particularly in District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India. An attempt has …

Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate
species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or …

Fluoride contamination has created a drinking water crisis globally. At low concentrations, its
presence is essential; however, it becomes toxic to human beings upon consumption of …

The study of the complexation of anions, from its beginnings in the late 1960s and 1970s,(1-
3) has moved on from being an area solely of academic interest to a fundamental pillar of …

Biological fluoride ion channels are sub-1-nanometer protein pores with ultrahigh F−
conductivity and selectivity over other halogen ions. Developing synthetic F− channels with …

Elements are present in different forms in the nature, and these elements are very essential
for the body to perform different functions. Trace elements are very important for cell …

Since 1941, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) has been recognized as the most
authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of …

The dietary requirement for an essential trace element is an intake level which meets a
specified criterion for adequacy and thereby minimizes risk of nutrient deficiency or excess …