It has been recognized that during chronic inflammatory systemic diseases (CIDs)
maladaptations of the immune, nervous, endocrine and reproductive system occur …

Vertebrates coexist with microorganisms in diverse symbiotic associations that range from
beneficial to detrimental to the host. Most research has aimed at deciphering the nature of …

In September and October 2002, an epizootic of neurologic disease occurred at an alligator
farm in Florida (USA). Three affected American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) were …

Acknowledgments........................................................... 480References.............................................
........................... 480While a variety of bacteria have been isolated from various lesions in …

Marine animals represent a dynamic and complex habitat for diverse microbial communities.
The microbiota associated with bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are believed to …

Introduction 3. Mollicute and vertebrate host origins 4. Mycoplasmosis of poikilotherms 4.1.
Pathogens and commensals 4.2. Pathobiology 4.2. 1. Chronic infection 4.2. 2. Acute …

Bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases in reptiles are occasionally caused by primary
pathogens but often are the result of an immunocompromising condition, such as …

Mycoplasma alligatoris was the suspected etiology of an epidemic of acute multisystemic
inflammatory disease which emerged in captive American alligators (Alligator …

Most mycoplasmal infections result in chronic, clinically silent disease. In direct contrast,
Mycoplasma alligatoris elicits a fulminant, multisystem disease in the natural host, Alligator …

Increased acute mortality of farmed American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) was
observed in various pens from 2 different farms in Louisiana over 2 years (2019-2021). A …