Stress is a primary risk factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence from
preclinical models and clinical studies of depression have revealed an array of structural …

The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb)
owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated …

Background The inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered crucial
components of the pathogenesis of depression. Edaravone (EDA), a free radical scavenger …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has revolutionized the
treatment of depression because of its potent, rapid and sustained antidepressant effects …

Downward social mobility is a well-known mental risk factor for depression, but its neural
mechanism remains elusive. Here, by forcing mice to lose against their subordinates in a …

The nervous system uses fast-and slow-adapting sensory detectors in parallel to enable
neuronal representations of external states and their temporal dynamics. It is unknown …

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for depression onset. However, it remains unclear how
repeated stress sculpts neural circuits and finally elicits depression. Given the essential role …

Depression is an episodic form of mental illness characterized by mood state transitions with
poorly understood neurobiological mechanisms. Antidepressants reverse the effects of …

Relief, the appetitive state after the termination of aversive stimuli, is evolutionarily
conserved. Understanding the behavioral role of this well-conserved phenomenon and its …

Ketamine has been found to have rapid and potent antidepressant activity. However, despite
the ubiquitous brain expression of its molecular target, the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor …