Drug-related deaths (DRDs) are a major societal challenge. People who use drugs are at
particular risk of witnessing DRDs, and of losing people close to them to a DRD, and …

Background The emotional impacts of witnessing and responding to overdose and overdose-
related deaths have been largely overlooked during the drug toxicity overdose crisis in North …

Background Drug overdose deaths in the United States exceeded 100,000 in 2021 and
2022. Substance use stigma is a major barrier to treatment and harm reduction utilization …

Background The national overdose crisis is often quantified by overdose deaths, but
understanding the traumatic impact for those who witness and respond to overdoses can …

We found demographic and geographic differences between US adults who had
experienced an overdose loss and those who had not experienced such a loss. Lifetime …

Despite high rates of drug-related deaths in many countries across Europe, drug-related
bereavement has been sparsely investigated. Given the fact that people using illicit drugs …

Objective: Fatal and nonfatal overdoses involving opioids have increased to crisis levels in
recent years. Laypersons have been increasingly tasked with responding to these events by …

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) experience high rates of drug overdose death
with the risk of mortality increasing after each non-fatal event. Racial differences exist in drug …

Abstract Introduction Lives lost in North America due to the unregulated drug poisoning
emergency are preventable and those who survive an opioid overdose may suffer long-term …

People who use drugs form a significant part of the community who are impacted by drug-
related deaths, but their stigmatized positioning in society yields implications for their access …