The anatomy and physiology of the microcirculation in human skin are complex. Normal
cutaneous microcirculation is organized in two parallel plexuses with capillary loops …

In this review, we focus on significant developments in our understanding of the
mechanisms that control the cutaneous vasculature in humans, with emphasis on the …

Heat stress increases human morbidity and mortality compared to normothermic conditions.
Many occupations, disease states, as well as stages of life are especially vulnerable to the …

The level of skin blood flow is subject to both reflex thermoregulatory control and influences
from the direct effects of warming and cooling the skin. The effects of local changes in …

Introduction 3. Methodology 3.1. Laser Doppler flowmetry 3.2. Pharmacological approaches
4. Reflex Control 4.1. Vasoconstrictor mechanisms 4.1. 1. Transmitters and cotransmitters …

The combined metabolic and thermoregulatory demands of exercise in the heat place an
exceptional burden on the circulation, more than can be met through cardiac output and …

Heat stress profoundly and unanimously reduces orthostatic tolerance. This review aims to
provide an overview of the numerous and multifactorial mechanisms by which this occurs in …

The cutaneous circulation is influenced by a variety of thermoregulatory (skin and internal
temperature-driven) and nonthermoregulatory (eg, baroreflex, exercise-associated reflexes) …

When prolonged intense exercise is performed at high ambient temperatures, cardiac output
must meet dual demands for increased blood flow to contracting muscle and to the skin. The …

In healthy, noninjured, individuals, passive (ie, nonexercising) whole-body heating has the
potential to cause significant cardiovascular stress that may be second only to the …