Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generated endogenously or in response to
environmental stress have long been implicated in tissue injury in the context of a variety of …

Peptic ulcer is a common disorder of gastrointestinal system and its pathogenesis is
multifactorial, where smoking and nicotine have significant adverse effects. Smoking and …

Cigarette smoking is associated with the development of several diseases and antioxidants
play a major role in the prevention of smoking-related diseases. Apoptosis is suggested as a …

Smokers have a twofold increased risk to develop Crohn's disease (CD). However, little is
known about the mechanisms through which smoking affects CD pathogenesis. Especially …

Background/Aims: Patients with peptic ulcer diseases have a high prevalence of coexisting
chronic gastritis. The mechanism of how gastritis leads to gastric ulcer formation is yet to be …

Pregnant women who smoke are at greater risk of delivering a growth-restricted infant than
nonsmoking mothers. We wanted to see if apoptosis could be involved in the mechanisms …

Tobacco is a known cause of oral disease but the mechanism remains elusive. Nicotine
(Nic) is a likely culprit of pathobiological effects because it displaces the local cytotransmitter …

Preclinical studies may elucidate the meaning of biomarkers applicable to epidemiologic
studies and to clinical trials for cancer prevention. No study has explored so far the effect of …

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for gastric cancer and peptic ulcer. The aim of our
study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to cigarette smoke and …

Cigarette smoking is associated with peptic ulcer diseases. Smokers have lower levels of
salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) than nonsmokers. We investigated whether reduction …