Energy is a vital input for social and economic development. As a result of the generalization
of agricultural, industrial and domestic activities the demand for energy has increased …

District energy systems are reviewed and possible future enhancements involving expanded
thermal networks are considered. Various definitions, classifications and applications of …

Highlights•Energy saving potential of construction materials and dimensions of design
explored.•Heating efficiency of different environmental control practises explored.•Heating …

There is a considerable diversity of district heating (DH) technologies, components and
interaction in EU countries. The trends and developments of DH are investigated in this …

Thermal energy loss in the process industry is a significant issue due to the high
temperatures and multiple heat intensive processes involved. High-grade thermal energy is …

Absorption heating has attracted increased attention due to its irreplaceable advantages in
energy conservation and pollution reduction in heating and domestic hot water supplies …

In this study, an inexact community-scale energy model (ICS-EM) has been developed for
planning renewable energy management (REM) systems under uncertainty. This method is …

Industrial excess heat is a large untapped resource, for which there is potential for external
use, which would create benefits for industry and society. Use of excess heat can provide a …

Many methods of protected agriculture are used to modify the growing environment of
plants. Ideally, plant production would take place in regions that do not require protective …

Development of an eco-industrial park (EIP) has drawn attention as a promising approach
seeking for the mutual benefit to the economy and environment. In recent years, the …