Chemical and electrical thrusters are generally utilized to control the attitude and orbit of
spacecraft in aerospace. When they are firing, the exhaust expands into the vacuum …

During the final metres of the powered descent of Apollo 11, astronauts Neil Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin lost sight of the lunar surface. As the retro-rockets fired towards the lunar dust–or …

View Video Presentation: https://doi. org/10.2514/6.2022-1808. vid Rocket plume-surface
interaction is a multi-phase, complex discipline characterized by plume flow physics, erosion …

Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was applied for the first time in the 20-ft vacuum
chamber at the Marshall Space Flight Center to visualize the plume-surface interaction (PSI) …

View Video Presentation: https://doi. org/10.2514/6.2022-1809. vid Reliably predicting the
landings on extraterrestrial bodies covered by different types of regolith requires validation …

Extraterrestrial landings often require spacecraft to deploy supersonic jets directed at dusty
planetary surfaces to ensure controlled descents. This interaction, termed plume-surface …

An experiment to track and measure the transient phenomenon of plume-liberated regolith
in near-vacuum conditions was performed in a dedicated plume-regolith facility housed at …

As the lander approaches the lunar surface, the engine plumes impinge on the lunar regolith
and entrain lunar dust from the surface. This plume–surface interaction and the resulting …

In recent years, prominent spacefaring nations have redirected their attention towards the
Moon as a potential avenue for economic prospects and as a pivotal waypoint for extended …

The intense interaction between thruster plumes and spacecraft surfaces presents
substantial challenges for the advancement of space technologies. The impingement effects …