During protein synthesis, ribosomes encounter many roadblocks, the outcomes of which are
largely determined by substrate availability, amino acid features and reaction kinetics …

In this review, we highlight the current understanding of translation elongation and recoding
in eukaryotes. In addition to providing an overview of the process, recent advances in our …

Cognate tRNAs deliver specific amino acids to translating ribosomes according to the
standard genetic code, and three codons with no cognate tRNAs serve as stop codons …

Diverse microbial ecosystems underpin life in the sea. Among these microbes are many
unicellular eukaryotes that span the diversity of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genetic …

Cryptic MHC I-associated peptides (MAPs) are produced via two mechanisms: translation of
protein-coding genes in non-canonical reading frames and translation of allegedly non …

Evolutionary developmental biology, or Evo-Devo for short, has become an established field
that, broadly speaking, seeks to understand how changes in development drive major …

Abstract The development of Ribosome Profiling (RiboSeq) has revolutionized functional
genomics. RiboSeq is based on capturing and sequencing of the mRNA fragments enclosed …

The genetic code—the language used by cells to translate their genomes into proteins that
perform many cellular functions—is highly conserved throughout natural life. Rewriting the …

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) play widespread regulatory functions in modulating
mRNA translation in eukaryotes, but the principles underlying the genomic distribution and …

The application of ribosome profiling has revealed an unexpected abundance of translation
in addition to that responsible for the synthesis of previously annotated protein-coding …