Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms.
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous …

Heavy metals bring long-term hazardous consequences and pose a serious threat to all life
forms. Being non-biodegradable, they can remain in the food webs for a long period of time …

Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis.
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine with …

Two-component systems (TCS) comprising sensor histidine kinases and response regulator
proteins are among the most important players in bacterial and archaeal signal transduction …

Biofilms are ubiquitous communities of tightly associated bacteria encased in an
extracellular matrix. Bacillus subtilis has long served as a robust model organism to examine …

Molybdenum is the only second-row transition metal required by most living organisms, and
is nearly universally distributed in biology. Enzymes containing molybdenum in their active …

Throughout the course of evolution, bacteria have developed signal transduction tools such
as two-component systems (TCSs) to meet their demands to thrive even under the most …

Beyond fuelling cellular activities with building blocks and energy, metabolism also
integrates environmental conditions into intracellular signals. The underlying regulatory …

The most common prokaryotic signal transduction mechanisms are the one-component
systems in which a single polypeptide contains both a sensory domain and a DNA-binding …

To exist in a wide range of environmental niches, bacteria must sense and respond to a
variety of external signals. A primary means by which this occurs is through two-component …