Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-
5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a failure of
spontaneous resolution of inflammation. Although the pro-inflammatory cytokines and …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disease of human joints. The basis of
pathologic changes involves all the tissues forming the joint; already, at an early stage, it has …

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the closely related cytokine, interleukin-13 (IL-13) share many
biological and immunoregulatory functions on B lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves T and B cells and their
reciprocal immune interactions with proinflammatory cytokines. T cells, an essential part of …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the world and is the most frequent
cause of walking related disability among older adults in the US, which brings a significant …

Introduction: This review presents the current in vitro and in vivo animal and human research
on the roles of IL-8 in ocular inflammatory diseases. Materials and Methods: Data sources …

Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, autoimmune disorder of the skin affecting 2–3% of general
population. Approximately 30% of psoriasis patients are also affected with the psoriatic …

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a recently discovered immunoregulatory cytokine. The cellular
sources of IL-13 and the regulation of its expression are largely unknown. Here we show …

Objective To investigate the effects of the antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐
10, and IL‐13 on tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release …