Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous
efforts to develop therapeutic strategies that target severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Variable domains of heavy chain-only antibodies (VHH), also known as nanobodies (Nbs),
are monomeric antigen-binding domains derived from the camelid heavy chain-only …

Since the discovery of camelid heavy-chain antibodies in 1993, there has been tremendous
excitement for these antibody domains (VHHs/sdAbs/nanobodies) as research tools …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of
the devastating global COVID-19 pandemic announced by WHO in March 2020. Through …

The phage display technology is based on the presentation of peptide sequences on the
surface of virions of bacteriophages. Its development led to creation of sophisticated systems …

Single domain antibodies from camelids, or nanobodies, are a unique class of antibody
fragments with several advantageous characteristics: small monomeric size, high stability …

Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants,
especially the Omicron variant, have impaired the efficacy of existing vaccines and most …

The infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the
causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Globally, there have been …

SARS-CoV-2 rapid spread required urgent, accurate, and prompt diagnosis to control the
virus dissemination and pandemic management. Several sensors were developed using …

Immunization with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidates
expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in place of the VSV glycoprotein relies implicitly …