Although men tended to receive more education than women in the past, the gender gap in
education has reversed in recent decades in most Western and many non-Western …

Education correlates strongly with most important social and economic outcomes such as
economic success, health, family stability, and social connections. Theories of stratification …

Differences in lifetime earnings by educational attainment have been of great research and
policy interest. Although a large literature examines earnings differences by educational …

Income inequality in educational attainment is a long-standing concern, and disparities in
college completion have grown over time. Need-based financial aid is commonly used to …

In this second edition of Counterfactuals and Causal Inference, completely revised and
expanded, the essential features of the counterfactual approach to observational data …

Academically-focused learning activities beyond formal schooling are expanding in myriad
forms throughout the world. This diverse realm of learning activities includes private …

Individuals differ not only in their background characteristics but also in how they respond to
a particular treatment, intervention, or stimulation. In particular, treatment effects may vary …

社会科学对于因果关系的关注使得倾向值匹配(propensity score matching)
的方法受到越来越多的重视. 本文从以下几个方面对这一方法进行述评. 首先 …

Numerous studies document that higher education is associated with a reduced likelihood of
depression. The protective effects of higher education, however, are known to vary across …

Community colleges increase college access, extending postsecondary educational
opportunities to underserved students, yet, these students exhibit low rates of program …